You have more time than they want you to think
Federal law gives employees over 40 at least 21 days to review a severance offer, plus 7 days to revoke after signing. For group layoffs, the review period extends to 45 days. Employers cannot shorten these periods. Don't let anyone pressure you into signing immediately.

What a severance agreement actually is

A severance agreement is a contract in which you agree to release legal claims against your employer in exchange for money — and sometimes other benefits. The employer is paying you, in part, to give up your right to sue them for anything that happened during your employment. Understanding that framing helps you evaluate whether the offer is fair.

That doesn't mean you should refuse to sign. For most people in most circumstances, signing a fair severance agreement makes sense. The goal is to understand what you're trading away — and make sure the trade is worth it.

1
How broad is the release of claims?
High risk

The core of every severance agreement is the release — what legal rights you're giving up. A broad release waives your right to sue for anything that happened during your employment, including potential discrimination, harassment, wage theft, or retaliation claims you may not have fully identified yet.

"Employee hereby releases and discharges Employer from any and all claims, known or unknown, arising out of or relating to Employee's employment or termination thereof."

"Known or unknown" is the phrase to watch. You're releasing claims you haven't discovered yet — which matters significantly if you suspect there may be legal issues with your termination. If you believe you were let go due to discrimination, age, or retaliation, consult an employment attorney before signing.

Ask this"Can we narrow the release to claims arising before the date of this agreement, and exclude EEOC charges and any government-initiated proceedings from the release?"
2
Is the non-disparagement clause one-sided and permanent?
High risk

Non-disparagement clauses prevent you from saying negative things about the company publicly — no critical Glassdoor reviews, no warning friends, no discussing what happened. Many are permanent and one-sided: you're bound indefinitely, but the company has no corresponding obligation.

"Employee agrees to refrain from making any disparaging, negative, or critical statements about Company, its products, services, or employees, publicly or privately, in perpetuity."

Ask for two things: make it mutual, and add a reasonable time limit. Three to five years rather than perpetual is a reasonable ask.

Ask this"Can we make the non-disparagement clause mutual — so neither party makes negative statements about the other — and limit the duration to 3 years rather than perpetual?"
3
Is the severance amount actually fair?
Medium risk

Market standard for severance is typically 1–2 weeks per year of service, with senior employees often receiving more. A 10-year employee should generally expect 10–20 weeks minimum. Anything significantly below this is worth a professional counter-proposal.

Beyond the headline number, look at what else is included — or missing. COBRA health coverage continuation, equity vesting acceleration, and outplacement services are all legitimate negotiating points that many employers will agree to rather than lose.

Ask this"Based on my [X] years of service, I was expecting closer to [X weeks] of severance. Is there flexibility on the amount, or on extending COBRA premium coverage for [X] months?"
4
What triggers the clawback?
Medium risk

Many severance agreements require you to return the severance payment if you breach any term. If the non-disparagement clause is vague and the clawback applies to any breach, a private conversation that's later characterized as disparaging could cost you your entire severance.

"In the event of any breach of this Agreement, Employee shall immediately return all severance compensation received hereunder, plus reasonable attorneys' fees and costs."
Ask this"Can we limit the clawback to material breaches only, and add a 30-day written notice and cure period before any clawback is triggered?"
5
What post-employment restrictions survive?
Medium risk

Severance agreements often include or reaffirm post-employment restrictions — non-competes, non-solicitation clauses, garden leave periods. These may be enforceable even if the underlying employment contract's restrictions were questionable, because you agreed to them again in exchange for severance.

"Employee agrees to comply with all post-employment obligations set forth in the Employment Agreement, including the non-compete and non-solicitation provisions, which are incorporated herein by reference."

Review any incorporated documents carefully — you may be reaffirming restrictions you thought had expired.

Ask this"Can we confirm which specific post-employment restrictions survive this agreement — and whether the non-compete duration begins from my last day of employment or from the date of this agreement?"

What to do with your 21 days

Most people use far less than their allotted review time. Here's a practical approach to the full window:

A note on timing

If you are over 40, the 7-day revocation period after signing is a legal right you cannot waive. Even if you sign on day one, you can revoke within 7 days. For employees under 40, standard contract law applies and revocation after signing is more difficult — read carefully before you sign.

Most employers will negotiate

This is the thing most people don't know: severance is almost always negotiable. Employers offer a first draft, not a final offer. They want a clean separation — no lingering resentment, no litigation risk, no public controversy. A professional, reasonable counter-proposal is expected and usually met with at least partial agreement.

The worst outcome from negotiating professionally is that they say no to some requests and you sign the original offer. The best outcome is more money, better protections, and a cleaner exit. The risk-reward ratio strongly favors asking.

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